普通话水平测试在线课堂(5)------如何读好儿化音节
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1、 [发音提示]:练习儿化韵,先要学会发卷舌音 er。
普通话的儿化现象主要由词尾“儿”变化而来。词尾“儿”本是一个独立的音节,由于口语中处于轻读的地位,长期与前面的音节流利地连读而产生音变,“儿”(er)失去了独立性,“化”到前一个音节上,只保持一个卷舌动作,使两个音节融合为一个音节,前面音节里的韵母或多或少的发生变化。这种语言现象就是“儿化”。我们把这种带有卷舌色彩的韵母称作“儿化韵”。
2、儿化韵音变规则:儿化音变的基本性质是使一个音节的主要元音带上卷舌色彩。(-r是儿化韵的形容性符号,不把它作为一个音素看待) 。儿化韵的音变条件取决于韵腹元音是否便于发生卷舌动作。
3、 普通话39个韵母,除本身已是卷舌韵母的 er外,理论上都可以儿化,但口语中韵母ê、o、ueng未见化化词,实际只是35个韵母儿化。
普通话水平测试用儿化词语表
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<td><p>《普通话水平测试大纲》表一中的儿化词</p><div align="center">
<table cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="5" width="80%" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#C0C0C0" class="text" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<tr bgColor="#ccffcc">
<td bgcolor="#D5D8EA">词语</td>
<td bgcolor="#D5D8EA">拼音</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>带儿</td>
<td>dàir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>兜儿</td>
<td>dōur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>个儿</td>
<td>gèr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>画儿</td>
<td>huàr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>活儿</td>
<td>huór</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>空儿</td>
<td>kòngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>球儿</td>
<td>qiúr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>圈儿</td>
<td>quānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>玩儿</td>
<td>wánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>馅儿</td>
<td>xiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>沿儿</td>
<td>yánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>座儿</td>
<td>zuòr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>包干儿</td>
<td>bāogānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>冰棍儿</td>
<td>bīnggùnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>差点儿</td>
<td>chàdiǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>大伙儿</td>
<td>dàhuǒr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>干活儿</td>
<td>gànhuór</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>光棍儿</td>
<td>guānggùnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>好好儿</td>
<td>hǎohǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>好玩儿</td>
<td>hǎowánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>金鱼儿</td>
<td>jīny2r</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>老头儿</td>
<td>lǎotóur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>聊天儿</td>
<td>liáotiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>没事儿</td>
<td>méishìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>面条儿</td>
<td>miàntiáor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>墨水儿</td>
<td>mòshuǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>纳闷儿</td>
<td>nàmènr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>年头儿</td>
<td>niántóur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>钮扣儿</td>
<td>niǔkòur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>玩意儿</td>
<td>wányìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>小孩儿</td>
<td>xiǎoháir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>心眼儿</td>
<td>xīnyǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>烟卷儿</td>
<td>yānjuǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一会儿</td>
<td>yīhuìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一块儿</td>
<td>yīkuàir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一下儿</td>
<td>yīxiàr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一点儿</td>
<td>yīdiǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>有点儿</td>
<td>yǒudiǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>这会儿</td>
<td>zhèhuìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>闹着玩儿</td>
<td>nàozhewánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一个劲儿</td>
<td>yīgèjìnr</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p>《普通话水平测试大纲》表二中的儿化词</p>
<div align="center">
<table cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="5" width="80%" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#C0C0C0" class="text" bgcolor="#ffffff">
<tr bgColor="#ccffcc">
<td bgcolor="#D5D8EA">词语</td>
<td bgcolor="#D5D8EA">拼音</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>挨个儿</td>
<td>āigèr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>八哥儿</td>
<td>bāge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>拔尖儿</td>
<td>bájiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>白班儿</td>
<td>báibānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>白醭儿</td>
<td>báibúr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>白干儿</td>
<td>báigānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>摆摊儿</td>
<td>bǎitānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>败家子儿</td>
<td>bàijiāzǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>板擦儿</td>
<td>bǎncār</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>饱嗝儿</td>
<td>bǎogér</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>爆肚儿</td>
<td>bàodǔr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>被窝儿</td>
<td>bèiwōr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>本色儿</td>
<td>běnshǎir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>奔头儿</td>
<td>bèntou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>鼻梁儿</td>
<td>bíliángr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>病号儿</td>
<td>bìnghàor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>不得劲儿</td>
<td>bùdéjìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>岔道儿</td>
<td>chàdàor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>唱片儿</td>
<td>chàngpiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>出圈儿</td>
<td>chūquānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>串门儿</td>
<td>chuànménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>春卷儿</td>
<td>chūnjuǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>答茬儿</td>
<td>dāchár</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>打盹儿</td>
<td>dǎdǔnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>打嗝儿</td>
<td>dǎgér</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>打鸣儿</td>
<td>dǎmíngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>打杂儿</td>
<td>dǎzár</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>单弦儿</td>
<td>dānxiánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>旦角儿</td>
<td>dànjuér</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>刀把儿</td>
<td>dāobàr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>刀片儿</td>
<td>dāopiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>调门儿</td>
<td>diàoménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>顶牛儿</td>
<td>dǐngniúr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>顶事儿</td>
<td>dǐngshìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>豆腐干儿</td>
<td>dòufugānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>豆腐脑儿</td>
<td>dòufunǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>豆角儿</td>
<td>dòujiǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>豆芽儿</td>
<td>dòuyár</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>个头儿</td>
<td>gètóur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>够本儿</td>
<td>gòuběnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>够劲儿</td>
<td>gòujìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>蝈蝈儿</td>
<td>guōguo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>锅贴儿</td>
<td>guōtiēr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>开刃儿</td>
<td>kāirènr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>坎肩儿</td>
<td>kǎnjiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>口哨儿</td>
<td>kǒushàor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>裤衩儿</td>
<td>kùchǎr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>裤兜儿</td>
<td>kùdōur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>快板儿</td>
<td>kuàibǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>老伴儿</td>
<td>lǎobànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>老本儿</td>
<td>lǎoběnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>愣神儿</td>
<td>lèngshénr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>脸蛋儿</td>
<td>liǎndànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>哪会儿</td>
<td>nǎhuìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>哪儿</td>
<td>nǎr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>纳闷儿</td>
<td>nàmènr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>那会儿</td>
<td>nàhuìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>那么点儿</td>
<td>nàmediǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>那儿</td>
<td>nàr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>奶头儿</td>
<td>nǎitóur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>奶嘴儿</td>
<td>nǎizuǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>脑儿</td>
<td>nǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>泥人儿</td>
<td>nírénr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>拈阄儿</td>
<td>niānjiūr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>捻捻转儿</td>
<td>niǎnnianzhuànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>鸟儿</td>
<td>niǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>藕节儿</td>
<td>ǒujiér</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>盘儿菜</td>
<td>pánrcài</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>胖墩儿</td>
<td>pàngdūnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>刨根儿</td>
<td>páogēnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>跑腿儿</td>
<td>pǎotuǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>皮板儿</td>
<td>píbǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>片儿会</td>
<td>piànrhuì</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>片儿汤</td>
<td>piànrtāng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>铺盖卷儿</td>
<td>pūgaijuǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>蒲墩儿</td>
<td>púdūnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>起名儿</td>
<td>qǐmíngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>枪子儿</td>
<td>qiāngzǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>巧劲儿</td>
<td>qiǎojìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>窍门儿</td>
<td>qiàoménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>球儿</td>
<td>qiúr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>蛐蛐儿</td>
<td>qūqu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>绕远儿</td>
<td>ràoyuǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>人儿</td>
<td>rénr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>人影儿</td>
<td>rényǐngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>人缘儿</td>
<td>rényuánr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>桑葚儿</td>
<td>sāngrènr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>嗓门儿</td>
<td>sǎngménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>傻劲儿</td>
<td>shǎjìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>扇面儿</td>
<td>shànmiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>上座儿</td>
<td>shàngzuòr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>收摊儿</td>
<td>shōutānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>树阴凉儿</td>
<td>shùyīnliángr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>耍心眼儿</td>
<td>shuǎxīnyǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>说头儿</td>
<td>shuōtou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>死扣儿</td>
<td>sǐkòur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>死心眼儿</td>
<td>sǐxīnyǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>送信儿</td>
<td>sòngxìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>蒜瓣儿</td>
<td>suànbànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>碎步儿</td>
<td>suìbùr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>屉儿</td>
<td>tìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>铜子儿</td>
<td>tóngzǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>头头儿</td>
<td>tóutou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>透亮儿</td>
<td>tòuliàngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>兔儿爷</td>
<td>tùryé</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>玩儿命</td>
<td>wánrmìng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>围脖儿</td>
<td>wéibór</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>围嘴儿</td>
<td>wéizuǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>细高挑儿</td>
<td>xìgāotiǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>下本儿</td>
<td>xiàběnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>馅儿饼</td>
<td>xiànrbǐng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>线轴儿</td>
<td>xiànzhóur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>响儿</td>
<td>xiǎngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>相片儿</td>
<td>xiàngpiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>小辫儿</td>
<td>xiǎobiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>小曲儿</td>
<td>xiǎoqǔr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>小心眼儿</td>
<td>xiǎoxīnyǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>邪门儿</td>
<td>xiéménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>行李卷儿</td>
<td>xínglijuǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>鸭儿梨</td>
<td>yārlí</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>烟嘴儿</td>
<td>yānzuǐr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>沿边儿</td>
<td>yánbiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>腰板儿</td>
<td>yāobǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>咬字儿</td>
<td>yǎozìr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>爷们儿</td>
<td>yémenr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>爷儿们</td>
<td>yérmen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一丁点儿</td>
<td>yīdīngdiǎnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一个劲儿</td>
<td>yīgejìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一股劲儿</td>
<td>yīgǔjìnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一股脑儿</td>
<td>yīgǔnǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一溜儿</td>
<td>yīliùr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>一顺儿</td>
<td>yīshùnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>姨儿</td>
<td>yír</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>音儿</td>
<td>yīnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>应名儿</td>
<td>yìngmíngr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>影片儿</td>
<td>yǐngpiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>有门儿</td>
<td>yǒuménr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>杂拌儿</td>
<td>zábànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>早早儿</td>
<td>zǎozǎor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>掌勺儿</td>
<td>zhǎngsháor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>找茬儿</td>
<td>zhǎochár</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>照面儿</td>
<td>zhàomiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>照片儿</td>
<td>zhàopiānr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>这儿</td>
<td>zhèr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>针鼻儿</td>
<td>zhēnbír</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>中不溜儿</td>
<td>zhōngbuliūr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>中间儿</td>
<td>zhōngjiànr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>抓阄儿</td>
<td>zhuājiūr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>爪儿</td>
<td>zhuǎr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>准儿</td>
<td>zhǔnr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>走道儿</td>
<td>zǒudàor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>走调儿</td>
<td>zǒudiàor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>走神儿</td>
<td>zǒushénr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>走味儿</td>
<td>zǒuwèir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>做活儿</td>
<td>zuòhuór</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table></p>
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