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作者: 蒋绍愚
来源:语言学论丛 1卷 1期
中文题名: “给”字句、“教”字句表被动的来源
英文题名: The origin of passive sentence with gei(给) and jiao
作者单位: 北京大学中文系、北京大学汉语语言学研究中心
中图分类号:
中文摘要: 本文认为表被动的“给”字句是这样发展来的:由表给予的“给1”字句发展为表使役的“给2”字句,再发展为表被动的“给3”字句。这里每一步都经过了在句式演变基础上的重新分析,由此带动了“给”字的虚化,这是一个语法化的过程。但是这样发展来的“给3”字句和“被”字句还有一些差别,只有通过类推,才能使得“给3”字句和“被”字句一样的表被动的句式,最后完成“给”字句的功能扩展。“给”字句表使役发展为表被动是在清代,而早在唐代,表使役的“教/交”字句就已经发展为被动句,可见从使役句到被动句是一种带规律性的演变。文章在此基础上讨论了“语法化”,“类推”和“功能扩展”等问题,认为语法化和类推是推动语法发展的两股重大力量。
中文关键字: “给”字句 “教”字句 句式变化 重新分析 语法化 类推 功能扩展
英文摘要: This paper suggests that The grammatical function of "gei(给)" used as an agent marker results from such a development: Through evolution of sentence structure and reanalysis, the sentence with “gei 1” meaning “to give” develop into causative sentence with “gei 2”, then develop into passive sentence with “gei 3”. This is a process of grammaticlization. Then, The passive sentence with “gei 3” become the equal of passive sentence with “bei” by analogy, the expansion of grammatical function of sentence with “gei” is accomplished finally. This process was completed in Qing dynasty. In Tang dynasty, the causative sentence with “jiao(教/交)” had developed into passive sentence. It shows that the development from causative sentence to passive sentence is a process with regularity. The occurrence of passive sentence with “gei” results from grammaticlization and analogy, grammaticalization and analogy can make change in system of grammar, result in evolution of grammar.
英文关键字: Sentence with gei,sentence with bei,change of sentence structure,reanalysis, grammaticlization,analogy,expansion of grammatical function.
参考文献:
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蒋绍愚(1994):《近代汉语研究概况》,北京大学出版社,北京。
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文献标识码: A理论与应用研究学术论文(包括综述报告)
更新日期: 2005年04月11日 |
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