英美虽都是讲英语国家,但同一政府部门的官员名称不同:英国国家元首是国王(King )或女王(Queen),而美国的国家元首是总统(President)。两国重要的行政部门,都是内阁(Cabinet)
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英国内阁的首脑为首相(Prime Minister),其他组成人员有 |
First Lord of the Treasury |
第一财政大臣(首相兼任) |
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs |
外交大臣 |
Lord President of the Council |
枢密院大臣 |
Lord Chancellor |
大法官 |
Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs |
内政和威尔士事务大臣 |
Chancellor of the Exchequer |
财政大臣 |
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |
兰开斯特公爵郡大臣 |
Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons |
掌皇大臣兼下院领袖 |
Minister of Defence |
国防大臣 |
Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations |
联邦关系事务大臣 |
Secretary of State for the Colonies |
殖民地事务大臣 |
Secretarv of State for Scotland |
苏格兰事务大臣 |
Minister of Labour and National Service |
劳工大臣 |
Minister for Housingand Local Government |
住房及地方政府事物大臣 |
Minister of Town and Country Planning |
都市及乡村计划大臣 |
Minister of Health |
卫生大臣 |
Minlster oi Educatlon |
教育大臣 |
Presldent of the Board of Trade |
贸易大臣 |
Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries |
农业和渔业大臣 |
Minister of Pensions and National Insurance |
年金及国民保险大臣 |
此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长 |
First Lord Of the Admiralty |
海军大臣 |
secretary of State for War |
陆军大臣 |
Secretary of State for Air |
空军大臣 |
Minister of Fuel and Power |
燃料电力大臣 |
Minister of Transport |
运输大臣 |
Minlster of Supply |
供应大臣 |
Minister of Economic Affairs |
经济事务大臣 |
Minister of Food |
粮食大臣 |
Minister of Civil Aviation |
民航大臣 |
Minister of Works |
工程大臣 |
Paymaster General |
主计大臣 |
Labor secretary |
劳工部长 |
Postmaster General |
邮政大臣 |
Attorney一General |
检查总长 |
Sollcitor一General |
副检查总长 |
Lord Advocate |
苏格兰检察总长 |
美国总统以下设十个行政主管,分掌国政,形成一个内阁: |
Secretary of State |
国务卿 |
Secretary of the Treasury |
财政部长 |
Secretary of Defense |
国防部长 |
Attorney General |
司法部长 |
Postmaster General |
邮政管理局长 |
Interior Secretary |
内政部长 |
Agriculture Secretary |
农业部长 |
Commerce Secretary |
商务部长 |