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面向对外汉语教学的现代汉语比较句研究

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发表于 2005-6-18 01:33:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
作者:柳多利(韩国)
汉语言文字学00级博士
研究方向:现代汉语
导师:陆俭明教授
来源:http://chinese.pku.edu.cn/


内 容 提 要
“比较”是人类在认知领域中的一种思维过程,也是人类认识客观世界的基本方法之一。在汉语语法研究中,“比较”也是一个重要的语法范畴。据我们不完全统计,目前研究汉语比较句的文章(其中包括博士和硕士论文)已经超过了100篇,可见比较句的研究是一个热点,也是一个难点。

      虽然有如此多的论文来研究比较句,但是仍然有很多问题没有完全弄清楚。比如关于汉语的比较句系统,目前还没有一个很完整的论述和一致的认识;再如现代汉语比较句中比较项的删除或者叫替换的问题,现在仍然存在不小的争议;再如现代汉语比较句的生成问题,目前这方面的研究还非常薄弱,只有3篇单篇论文;再如目前还没有专门针对对外汉语教学的比较句研究;等等。鉴于比较句是一个热点和难点,再加上目前的研究还不是很充分,还存在着不少商榷之处,因此有必要继续对比较句进行研究。

     本文的研究不是针对以上所有问题的,而且也不可能在一篇文章里解决全部问题。因此,本文试图找到一个切入的角度,对其中的某一个问题进行集中研究。目前,现代汉语语法学界对比较句的内部结构、语义特点以及语用功能都已经进行了很多研究,取得了不少研究成果。本文打算充分借鉴这些已有的研究成果,从对外汉语教学的角度,提出一个适用于对外汉语教学的现代汉语比较句系统,并对外国学生如何理解和生成(说出)现代汉语的比较句提出简明而有效的教学方案。

      本文的第一章是引言。在这一部分,我们先简要地回顾了自马建忠《马氏文通》以来现代汉语语法学界对比较句的研究情况,肯定了前辈与时贤在汉语比较句研究中所作出的贡献,同时也指出目前的研究还存在的一些问题和薄弱环节,以及可以继续探讨的问题。接着,我们提出了自己的研究目的——那就是从对外汉语教学的角度研究比较句的系统以及理解和生成策略,同时我们也阐明了这项研究工作的重要意义。

     第二章我们提出了一个适用于对外汉语教学的简明的比较句系统,并把它与以往的系统进行比较,强调了它在对外汉语教学方面的重要作用。
第三章我们主要讨论了等同比较句,提出了一个生成等同比较句的简易方案,并且对各种等同比较句式之间的语义差别以及变换的可能性进行了探讨。
第四章主要讨论差等比较句,我们也是首先提出生成差等比较句的方法,然后对各种差比句式之间的语义差别以及变换的可能性进行了探讨,并且以大量的笔墨讨论了比较项的删除或者说替换问题。

      第五章讨论韩国学生在学习比较句时所出现的偏误问题。根据笔者针对韩国大学中文系学生进行的社会调查资料,分析了他们运用现代汉语比较句时所犯的错误类型,并对症下药提出意见。这是在对外汉语教学中急需的。
本文提出了完整的面向对外汉语教学的现代汉语比较句系统,并且提出了理解和生成汉语比较句的具体策略。我们认为,随着中国经济的发展,对外影响的扩大,中国的对外汉语教学事业已经达到了空前的繁荣,在这种时代背景下,我们的这项研究具有很重要的现实意义。

关键词: 对外汉语教学 比较句 等同比较句 差等比较句 “比”字句 偏误句 教学策略 生成策略

Abstract
Comparison is a kind of thinking process or method in the realm of cognition. It is also an important grammatical category in the Chinese language grammatical studies. According to our incomplete statistics, the articles dealing with comparative sentence in the Chinese language (including Ph. D. and M. A. dissertations) have surpassed 100, which shows that the comparative sentence studies is a topic both hot and difficult.

In spite of so many articles dealing with the comparative sentence, there still remain quite a number of problems to be tackled. For instances: regarding the ModernChinese comparative sentence system, there still lacks a complete exposition; regarding the problem of the deletion and substitution of the comparative item in the Modern Chinese comparative sentence, there remain some serious disputes; On the production of the Modern Chinese comparative sentence, there are only 3 separate theses and many blanks are yet to be filled; and in the field of the Chinese language teaching for international students (CLTIS), integrated comparative sentence studies are still lacking; and so on and so forth. Because the research on the comparative sentence has become a hot and difficult topic and, in the meantime, there still remain quite a few problems, it’s necessary to engage in further research in this field.

This dissertation does not deal with all the above-mentioned problems, whose solution can hardly be found in one study. In consequence, the present author attempts to find an appropriate perspective and concentrate on tackling one specific problem. At present, researchers of the Modern Chinese grammar have done quite a number of studies on the internal structure, semantic characteristics and pragmatic function of the comparative sentence, and many convincing achievements have been obtained. The present dissertation attempts to adopt the above mentioned achievements, put forward a Modern Chinese comparative sentence system integrated with the CLTIS and a concise and effective teaching scheme for the comprehension and production of the Mordern Chinese comparative sentences.

Chapter One of the dissertation is the introduction. In this part, we briefly review the researches on comparative sentence done by the Chinese grammar scholars since the publication of Mashi Wentong (Ma’s Chinese Grammar) by Ma Jianzhong, enumerate the achievements obtained by them in the same field and point out the still existing problems and weak points. After this review, we put forward the main objective of our studies: researches on the system and the comprehension & production strategy of the comparative sentence from the perspective of the CLTIS.

In Chapter Two, we put forward a concise comparative sentence system integrated with the CLTIS, compare it with the traditional one and emphasize its important effect on the CLTIS.

In Chapter Three we mainly discuss equivalent comparative sentence, put forward a simple scheme of equivalent comparative sentence production, and explore the semantic difference and transformation possibility of the equivalent comparative sentence.

Chapter Four mainly discusses the differential comparative sentence. We put forward the method of the differential comparative sentence, explore the semantic difference and transformation possibility between the differential sentence patterns, and discuss as exhaustive as possible the deletion and substitution of the comparative item.

Chapter Five discusses the deviations and errors committed by the Korean students when learning comparative sentence. Through the reference gathered by the present author when doing social investigation among the students of the Chinese Department, Korean University, we do thorough analysis of their error types and try to find a solution. This is urgently needed in the CLTIS.

This dissertation puts forward a complete Mordern Chinese comparative sentence system integrated with the CLTIS, and formulate the specific strategy for the comprehension and production of the Chinese comparative sentence. With the development of the Chinese economy and the ever increasing influence of the country, the CLTIS has arrived at an unprecedented prosperity. Under this circumstance, we think that our research is important pragmatically.

Key words: Chinese language teaching for international students (CLTIS), comparative sentence, equivalent comparative sentence, differential comparative sentence, deviations and errors, specific strategy for the comprehension, production of the Chinese comparative sentence
发表于 2005-6-18 13:39:56 | 显示全部楼层

英文的,看不懂

但大概意思也就是比较。
这也是我现在研究的重点之一。现在正在规范自己的这方面的理论。
(呵呵,难道这都是巧合吗?)
 楼主| 发表于 2005-6-18 18:19:40 | 显示全部楼层
(呵呵,难道这都是巧合吗?)

估计:
1、巧合,不“吗”!
2、猿粪,嘛!
发表于 2009-7-25 13:13:56 | 显示全部楼层
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