丁肇中的“三个不知道 ”

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诺贝尔奖获得者丁肇中南京演讲 连答三个不知道

　　南方网讯　昨日（７日）上午，诺贝尔奖获得者、著名美籍华人、实验物理学家丁肇中教授为南航师生作了一场题为《国际空间站上的AMS实验》的学术报告。AMS实验是由16个国家和地区的56个研究机构合作承担的国际性大型科研项目，造价约7亿美元，目的在于寻找太空中的反物质和暗物质，它将是人类首次在太空中使用粒子物理精密探测仪器和技术。按照惯例，一小时报告后，丁教授回答同学们提问。
　　"您觉得人类在太空能找到暗物质和反物质吗？"
　　"不知道。"
　　"您觉得您从事的科学实验有什么经济价值吗？"
　　"不知道。"
　　"您能不能谈谈物理学未来20年的发展方向？"
　　"不知道。"
　　一问"三不知"！这的确让在场的所有同学意外，但丁教授的简短而朴实的解释不久就赢得全场热烈的掌声。对于第一个问题，他补充说，在太空实验找到反物质和暗物质之前，谁也无法确定能不能找到。对于第二个问题，他说了一段话："科学很大一个作用是满足人的好奇心，这是人和动物的最大区别。1890年前后，物理学第一个和第二个获得诺贝尔奖的，是发现了电子和X光的科学家，那时候很多人问它有什么用，有什么经济价值？到了上世纪三四十年代电子和X光都很有用。三四十年代最先进的科学是量子力学，现在用在了超导、激光、通讯上比如微处理器等，到了四十年代最基本的科学是原子能物理，现在也被用在能源等方面，所以今天我们所用的东西都是以前被认为是‘花钱最多最没有经济效益的'。"后来他补充说，我所研究的东西确实是没有什么经济价值，场内立即发出会意的笑声。对于第三个问题，他没有作过多的解释。
　　记者注意到，丁肇中回答"不知道"时，表情自然、诚恳，没有明知不说的矫揉造作，没有故弄玄虚，也绝没有"卖关子"。据了解，这位在华人中享有盛誉的科学家，却经常回答"不知道"。"知之为知之"。他常说：不知道的事情绝对不去主观推断，而最尖端的科学很难靠判断来确定是怎么回事。然而，正是"不知道"激起的强烈好奇心使他不断探索宇宙的奥秘，这位仅用100美元学费念完6年大学的博士(当时美国密歇根大学每年学费1000美元，丁肇中因表现出色一直受到校方资助，成为该校百年间从学士到博士完成时间最短的学生)登上了诺贝尔领奖台，在他的科学实验历程中，为人类解开了很多很多"不知道"。
　　在对南航学生的简短演讲中，丁肇中特别强调，做科学的人最重要的是兴趣，有了兴趣，你可以为它放弃其他一切的事情，"为了名和利去做科学是很危险的"。讲到这里，丁肇中停下来沉思了一会，似乎想起了什么，又说："过去几十年间的大部分诺贝尔物理学奖获得者我都认识，他们中很少考第一名的，绝大部分都在50%%以下，有的还是班上倒数第几名。能考第一名当然好了，但考试是考以前的经验和知识，而科学恰恰是质疑前人的知识，通过实验创造新的知识。"
　　上午，丁肇中教授还从南航党委书记谭振亚手中接过了名誉教授的聘书和校徽，他希望南航能发挥航空航天的特色，投入到AMS实验中来，他也希望南航学生能立志成为科学家。

monkey-E

来源：http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/science/hall/ting/year.html　
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1936年1月27日出生於美國，3個月後隨父母回到中國。
1956年到美國密西根大學，在物理系與數學系學習。
1960年獲碩士學位。
1962年獲博士學位，在瑞士歐洲核子中心工作一年。
1964年起在美國哥倫比亞大學工作。
1976年獲得諾貝爾物理獎。
Early background:　
Samuel C.C. Ting was born on 27 January 1936 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., where his parents, Professor K.H. Ting and Professor Jeanne M.Wong Ting, were students at the University of Michigan. His family returned to China a few months later.　
Education　
Elementary and secondary education took place in China, during the 1936-1956 period. S.C.C. Ting excelled in mathematics, science and history. In 1956, he returned to the United States to attend the University of Michigan as an engineering student, but he soon transferred his major to physics.　
Higher Education　
1959: awarded BSE (in physics) and BSE (in mathematics) from the University of Michigan　
1962: awarded Ph.D. (in physics) from the University of Michigan.　
Academic and Research Position　
In 1963, S.C.C. Ting was granted a Ford Foundation Fellowship to work at the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland. He returned to the United States in 1964 to become an instructor at Columbia University in New York. In 1966, he became the leader of an experimental group at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron in Hamburg, Germany. In 1969, he was appointed Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts and in 1977 he was selected as the first recipient of the Thomas Dudley Cabot Institute Professorship at MIT.　
Major Awards　
Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1975　
Member of Academia Sinica, Republic of China in 1975　
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award by the U.S. Government in 1976　
Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 1976　
Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1977　
Thomas Dudley Cabot Institute Professor, Massachusetts institute of Technology in 1977　
The Eringen Medal awarded by the Society of Engineering Science in 1977　
Foreign Member of the Pakistani Academy of Sciences in 1984　
DeGasperi Award in Science, by the Government of Italy in 1988　
Golden Lecpard Award for Excellence, by the town of Taormina, Italy, in 1988　
Gold Medal for science by the city of Brescia, Italy, 1988　
Foreign Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1989　
Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1993　
Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1994　
Member Deutsche Akademie Der Naturforscher Leopoldina in 1996　
Doctor Honoris Causa　
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A., 1978　
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 1987　
University of Jlatcng, Shanghal, China in 1987 (Honorary Professorship)　
University of Bologna, Italy, 1988　
Columbia University, New York, U.S.A., 1990　
University of Science and Technology, China, 1990　
Moscow State University , Moscow, 1991　
University of Bucharest, Romania, 1993　
Contribution to Physics:　
Samuel Ting's research has centered on experimental particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, and the interaction of photons with matter. His most important wok includes :　
Discovery of the anti-deuteron.　
A twenty-year series of experiments testing the validity of quantum electrodynamics and showing that electrons, muons, and tau mesons are pointlike particles with a radius smaller than 10-17 cm.　
Precision studis of leptonic decays of vector mesons, measuring the branching ratio and the production phase of these photon-like particles and providing an important check of the Ualidity of the quark model.　
A study of photoproduction of vector mesons demonstrating the similarity between photons and vector mesons.　
Discovery of the J particle.　
A systematic study of muon pair production at the CERN Intersecting Storage Ring to investigate the scaling behaviour and production mechanisms of heavy photons.　
Discovery of gluon jets.　
A systematic study of gluon physics at the Electron-Positron colliding beam accelerator PETRA.　
A precision measurement of muon charge asymmetry, demonstrating for the first time the validity of the Standard electroweak Model.　
Determination of the number of neutrino species and the precision measurement of the Z0 decay parameters at LEP, the 100 GeVe+e- collider beam accelerator　
Samuel C.C. Ting　 1936 Born, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
1936-1956 Early education in China. Retruned to the United States in 1956 to attend the University of Michigan.　
1959 BSE (physics and mathematics), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
1962 Ph.D. in physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
1963 Ford Fellow at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland　
1965 Instructor, Columbia University, New York
1966 Group Leader, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg
1969 Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
1970 Associate Editor, Nuclear Physics B.
1975 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1975 Foreign Member, Academia Sinica (Republic of China)
1976 Recipient of Ernest Oriando Lawrence Award from the U.S. Government
1976 Nobel Prize in Physics
1977 Member of the Editorial Board, Nuclear Instruments and Methods
1977 Member, National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
1977 Thomas Dudley Cabot Institute Professor, M.I.T., Cambridge
1977 Eringen Medal, Society of Engineering Science
1978 Ph.D.(Honorary), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
1980 Member of the Editional Board, Mathematical Modeling
1984 Foreign Member, Pakistani Academy of Sciences
1987 Ph.D.(Honorary) Chinese University of Hong Kong
1987 Honorary Professorship, Jiatong University, Shanghai, China
1988 DeGasperi Award in Science, by the Government of Italy
1988 Golden Leopard Award for Excellence, Taormina, Italy
1988 Gold Medal for Science, Brescia, Italy
1988 Ph.D.(Honorary) University of Bologna, Italy
1989 Foreign Member, Soviet Academy of Sciences
1990 Ph.D.(Honorary) Columbia University, New York, USA
1991 Francis G. Slack Lecture in Physics, Vanderbillt University
1991 Dean S. Edmonds Sr. Memorial Lecture, Boston University
1991 Ph.D.(Honorary) State University of Moscow, USSR
1993 Ph.D.(Honorary) University of Bucharest, Romania
1993 Foreign Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1994 Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences　
1994 Honorary Professorship, Shantong University, Shantong, China
1996 Member Deutsche Akademie Der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle, Germany
　

monkey-E

来源：http://kxj.7456.net/show/1/53
(2004-02-06)
[img=left]http://kxj.7456.net/images/2004/02/06/53-1.jpg[/img]    丁肇中祖籍山东日照县；1936年出生於美国密西根州安阿堡（Ann Arbor）；父亲是丁观海，母亲是王隽英，他在台北读中学，在密西根大学读大学本科与研究院，於1962年获博士学位；自1967年起执教於麻省理工学院。丁教授在粒子物理学中有许多卓著的贡献，最有名的是1974年Ｊ粒子的发现，这项发现导致粒子物理学走入了新的方向，也因此而获得1976年诺具尔物理奖。 　　此外，他对量子电动力学之精确性、轻子的性质、矢量粒子的性质、胶子喷注现象，Ｚ-γ之干涉等问题的研究都是十分重要的贡献。 近年来丁教授组成并领导一实验组，积极建造Ｌ3探测器，将於1988年起在西欧中心（CERN）的LEP加速器上做实验，这是一项极大的计划，动员了世界各国四百多名实验物理学者，探测器建造费用将超过一亿美元。丁教授是当代最杰出的实验物理学家之一。他的工作特徵是方向明确果断，计划周详严谨。

得奖作品：
发现新的重基本粒子：J/Ψ粒子(现称J粒子)

[ 本贴由 monkey-EB 于 2004-11-17  09:06 最后编辑 ]

monkey-E

来源：http://www.8road.com/gerenzhuye/dzhzh/htm/jinkuang.htm

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魏袖鼎

但不懂一点