【内容提要】 20世纪初叶以来,对明清官话语音及其基础方音有过多种不同的定性。本文在此基础上予以归纳综合、补充修正,针对体现在存世文献中的明清官话语音纷纭复杂的特点,认为有必要将其区分为普通官话音和地方官话音两个系列,又分别包含读书音、口语音、南音、北音、拟古音、趋时音等多个不同层次的变体。依据各类变体的区别特征,本文还尝试拟订出便于操作的检测条例。
There have been different qualitative analyses on official dialectal pronunciations and their fundamental dialectal accents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties since the beginning of the century.The paper aims to generalize them on the basis of discussion.Owing to the complicated characterization of official dialectal pronunciations recorded in the existing documents,it is necessary to categorize the pronunciations into two series:standard official dialectal pronunciations and local official dialectal pronunciations,each of which includes many variations on different levels.According to the characterization of the variations,the paper attempts to draw up some rules for practical assessment.