上古漢語詞類與標記原則

风雪里 · 发表于 2003-12-28 04:44:42

名稱：上古漢語詞類與標記原則
提供者：魏培泉　
分類：專題報告
組別：近代漢語詞彙庫
建檔日期：910306
來源：語言座標

<style>

</style>


一、上古漢語詞類標注簡表

 

1.1.實詞

1.11.動詞(內動(不及物)、外動(及物))：

1.111.動作動詞
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VA：動作不及物動詞（內動）【例】「奔三百里而舍焉」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VB：準動作不及物動詞（準內動）【例】「則往拜其門」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VC1：動作單賓動詞（外動）【例】「穆王將征犬戎」、「溫人之周」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VC2：準動作單賓動詞（準外動）【例】「置之車中」、「寡人欲置相於秦」。      

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VD：動作雙賓動詞（外動雙）【例】「以金與關吏」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VE：後接句賓語或動詞組的動作及物動詞（外動子）【例】「言舉斯心加諸彼而已」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VF：複雜雙賓動詞（外動複）【例】「勸」、「助」、「謂」、「使」、「告」；「昔者呼我牛而謂之牛」、「吾直告之吾相狗馬耳」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VG：分類動詞【例】「為」、「有」、「無」、「如」、「若」；「齊豹為衛司寇」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
 

1.112.狀態動詞        

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VH1：狀態不及物動詞（內靜）【例】「河內凶」、「小大之獄」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VH2：準狀態不及物動詞（準內靜）【例】「余不忍也」。        

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VI：狀詞(疊音而表狀態之詞、附詞綴的詞，以及連綿詞有中表狀態用的詞)【例】「其葉青青」、「怫然而怒」、「逍遙於天地之間而心意自得」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VJ：狀態及物動詞（外靜）【例】「舍則失之」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VK：後接句賓語或動詞組的狀態及物動詞（外靜子）【例】「伍舉知其有備也」、「主忌苟勝」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VM：助動詞（法相動詞）：【例】「可」、「能」、「得」、「難」、「易」、「敢」、「肯」、「足」、「必」；「宋不可攻也」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
 
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VP：使成動詞：動詞的使動、意動及其他不及物轉及物用法【例】「大天而思之」、「朝諸侯」、「食人者治於人」、「不遠千里而來」、「百姓安之」、「昭公將去群公子」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
   VQ：名謂詞：名詞作動詞用【例】「范增數目項王」、「二三其德」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -45.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
 

1.12.名詞

1.121.NA：普通名詞(通名)

   NA1：有生名詞【例】「人」、「魚」；「北冥有魚」。

   NA2：無生名詞【例】「几」。

   NA3：集體名詞【例】「則國從之」、「百乘之家」、「齊師」。

   NA4：處所詞【例】「居楚地」。

   NA5：時間詞【例】「去國數日」。


1.122.NB：專名

   NB1：人獸名(有生)【例】「孔丘」。

   NB2：事物名(無生)【例】「詩」「書」。

   NB3：國家名(集體名詞)【例】「宋」。

   NB4：處所名【例】「北冥有魚」。

   NB5：時間名【例】「自商以來」。


  NF：量詞(單位詞)【例】「里」。

  NG：方位詞【例】「上」、「下」、「先」、「後」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -30.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  NH：代詞(指代詞)及第一二人稱尊卑稱【例】「其」、「之」、「吾」、「是」、「叟」、「吾子」、「寡人」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -30.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  NI：抽象名詞及衍生名詞【例】「三美加焉」、「信以守禮」、「量力而行」、「毛可以禦風寒」。

 

1.13.其他 


  S：數詞【例】「千里」、「萬取千焉」。

  A：飾詞【例】「以從諸姦」、「今既數月矣」。

 

1.2.虛詞
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  Ｄ：副詞【例】「皆」、「其」、「已」、「亦」、「又」、「大」；「古之人其備乎」、「旱既大甚」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  Ｐ：介詞【例】「於」、「以」、「乎」、「與」、「及」。
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  Ｃ：連詞【例】「而」、「若」、「則」。      

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -36.0pt; text-autospace: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 1.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt">
  Ｔ：助詞(一般不能歸到副、介、連詞的虛詞歸到此類)【例】「也」、「者
」、「矣」、「夫」；「之」(結構助詞)。

  Ｉ：感嘆詞【例】「噫」。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

二、現代漢語、上古漢語、近代漢語與普及化標記詞類對照表：

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">



普及化標記</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">



英文名稱</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">


現代漢語詞類標記</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">



上古漢語詞類標記</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">


近代漢語詞類標記</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E5E5E5">



中文名稱</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

1.A</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Adjective</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

A</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

A</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

A</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

(非謂)形容詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="2" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

2.C</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="2" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Conjunction</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


Caa</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

C</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Caa</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="2" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


連接詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


Cbb</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Cbb</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="5" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

3.ADV</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="5" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Adverb</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Da</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

D</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Daa、Dab</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="5" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


副詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dfa</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dfa</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dfb</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dfb</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dk</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dk</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

D</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Dba、Dbb、Dc、Dd、Dg、Dh、Dj、Dl</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

4.ASP</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Aspect</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Di</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Di</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


時態詞／時態標記</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="7" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

5.N</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="7" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Noun</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Na</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NA1、NA2、NA3、NI</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Na</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="7" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


名詞(及方位詞)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nb</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NB1、NB2、NB3、NB4、NB5</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nb</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nc</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NA4、NB4</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nc</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Ncd</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nd</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NA5、NB5</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nd</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nh</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NH</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nh</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NG</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Ng</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="5" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

6.DET</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="5" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Determiner</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Neu</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


S</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Neu</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="5" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


定詞(及代名詞)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nes</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nes</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nep</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Neqa</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Neqa</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T8</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

7.M</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Measure</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nf</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

NF</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Nf</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


量詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="4" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

8.T</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="4" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Particle</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

I</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

I</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

I</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="4" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


語助詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

DE</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

DE</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T3</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

9.P</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Preposition</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

P</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

P</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

P</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


介詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="4" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

10.Vi</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="4" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

IntransitiveVerb</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VA</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VA</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VA</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="4" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


不及物動詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VB</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VB</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VH</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VH1</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VH</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VI</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VI</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VI</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="17" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

11.Vt</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="17" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

TransitiveVerb</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

SHI(是)</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

SHI(是)</td>
<td width="112" rowspan="17" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


及物動詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

V-2(有)</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

V_2(有)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VAC</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VAC</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


VB</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VC</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VC1、VC2</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VC</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VCL</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VCL</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VD</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VD</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VD</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VE</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VE</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VE</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VF</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VF</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VF</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VG</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VG</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VG</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VHC</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VHC</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


VH2</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VJ</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VJ</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VJ</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VK</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VK</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VK</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VL</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

VL</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


VM</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


VP</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" rowspan="5" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

12.POST</td>
<td width="96" rowspan="5" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Postposition</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Ng</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="112" rowspan="5" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


後置詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Neqb</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T7</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Cab</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T6</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Cba</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

T5</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid black; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


T4</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

13.VAN</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Verb As Noun</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


VQ</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


名謂詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

14.FW</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

ForeignWords</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

FW</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


外文標記／外來語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<td width="82" style="width: 61.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

15.U</td>
<td width="96" style="width: 72.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

Undecided</td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 </td>
<td width="120" style="width: 90.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

U</td>
<td width="112" style="width: 84.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


待分析詞句</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 


　：近代漢語與現代漢語不同的類


　：近代漢語與現代漢語對應普及化標記時不同的類


　：近代漢語與現代漢語內涵大致相當但名稱不同的類


　：上古漢語與近代、現代漢語相異的類

 

 

 


三、上古漢語詞類標注的特點與問題

       

上古漢語詞類的標注之所以與現代漢語、近代漢語有較大的差距，語言應是主要的因素。這又可分為兩點：其一是語言的差異，其二是我們對該語言的缺乏語感以及材料的不足徵。前者使得古今詞類的多寡及內容不能沒有歧異；後者使我們在對上古漢語詞類的細類劃分上有所阻礙，而且對某些詞的歸屬較無把握。

 

甲、動詞的標示

1. 
使成動詞（VP）和名謂詞（VQ）

       
和現代漢語組的詞類相較，上古漢語組動詞分類最大的特點是多出VP和VQ來。

 

（1）使成動詞（VP）

VP的性質其實和現代漢語組的VAC、VHC大抵相類。現代漢語組的VAC、VHC就是所謂的作格動詞，也就是一個動詞兼有不及物動詞及使成動詞等兩種用法。上古漢語這種並用的詞很多，我們目前的做法是把它們按用法分成兩類。例：

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="130" valign="top" style="width: 97.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="264" valign="top" style="width: 198.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="260" valign="top" style="width: 195.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">



現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="130" valign="top" style="width: 97.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

動（VA）</td>
<td width="264" valign="top" style="width: 198.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



動(VP)人(Na)</td>
<td width="260" valign="top" style="width: 195.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



動(VAC)人(Na)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="130" valign="top" style="width: 97.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

煩（VH1）</td>
<td width="264" valign="top" style="width: 198.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



煩(VP)人(NA1)</td>
<td width="260" valign="top" style="width: 195.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



煩(VHC)我(Nh)</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

（2）名謂詞（VQ）

       

上古漢語的名詞有時可用作動詞，這種用法顯然比現代漢語常見得多。當這種名詞用作動詞時我們把它標為VQ，以便於將來的統計。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

臣</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

君君、臣(Na)臣(VQ)、父父、子子</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

君君、臣(Na)臣(VH)、父父、子子</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

友</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

匿怨而友(VQ)其人</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

匿怨而友(VC)其人</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

2. 
助動詞（VM）

       
上古漢語組還有一個VM（即助動詞或法相動詞）類是現代漢語組所沒有的，現代漢語組與這一類相當的詞已歸入法相副詞中。我們則認為上古漢語這類詞的動詞性很強，因此把它列入動詞類而不列為法相副詞。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

可</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

夫子之不可(VM)及也</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

只要是車行可(D)及的郊區</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

能</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

事父母能(VM)竭其力</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

中研院應該能(D)走出一條康莊大道</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

3. 
狀態複雜雙賓動詞（VL）

       

上古漢語組在分類上還有一特點，即是刪去現代漢語組的謂賓動詞類（即VL），而和句賓動詞合併為一類（即VK）。最主要的原因是在上古漢語的語料中，謂賓動詞和句賓動詞分際很難劃分清楚，因此暫時先不作區別。

 

4. 
準動作不及物動詞（VB）和狀詞（VI）

       
上古漢語組的VB、VI類的內含其實和現代漢語組不同。現代漢語組的VB、VI稱作「類不及物動詞」，是兩論元的動詞，但其中賓語不能出現在動詞後，而須以介詞引介或以賓語提前的方式出現。上古漢語因語法結構的差異，並無與此類相當的動詞，因此上古漢語組的VB、VI類就用來標示上古漢語中用法特別的兩種動詞。上古漢語有一類動詞一般不接賓語，但有時可接名詞組或句子的補語，我們用VB來標示此類。上古漢語的狀詞雖是不及物動詞，但又有其特色，我們用VI來標示此類。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

笑</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

以其全足笑(VB)吾不全足</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

似乎是在笑(VC)我傻</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

拜</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

則往拜(VB)其門</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

新人先拜(VC)天地祖先</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

卜</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

吾卜(VB)於此起兵</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

我卜(VC)過卦</td>
 </tr>
</table>
 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

油然</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

天油然(VI)[+poly]作雲</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

喜悅油然(D)從中而來</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

莞爾</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

夫子莞爾(VI)[+poly]而笑</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

我莞爾(VA)微笑</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

5. 
準動作單賓動詞（VC2）及準狀態不及物動詞（VH2）

 

       
現代漢語組的VC類不再下分小類，上古漢語組的VC
則分出VC1、VC2等兩個小類。上古漢語組三論元的動詞中有一類動詞用法和現代漢語組的VC、VD都不同，因此我們把這一類標作VC2，而以VC1來標示與現代漢語組的VC相當的詞。上古漢語組的VH也分出VH1、VH2等兩個小類，也是為顯示上古漢語的特色所作的區別。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

獻</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

為齊獻(VC2)書趙王</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

國君派相如來獻(VD)璧玉</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

置</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


寡人欲置(VC2)相於秦</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

其弟為置(VC)毯巾禦寒</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

傷</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



傷(VH2)今不復見古</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

演講場次過多傷(VHC)了喉嚨</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

怒</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

三晉怒(VH2)齊不與</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

敢怒(VH)不敢言</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

怒</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

秦王怒(VH2)於戰不勝</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


又何懼何怒(VH)於任何人呢？</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

乙、名詞

在名詞的分類中，上古漢語組和現代漢語組也有些不同。

 

1. 
普通名詞（NA）和專有名詞（NB）

在上古漢語組中，NA、NB又分出幾個小類（與現代漢語組Nc、Nd相當的詞也分別歸作這兩類中的小類），這是為了便於將來的研究而設計的。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="288" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width: 216.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="300" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width: 225.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



人</td>
<td width="216" valign="top" style="width: 162.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


誨人(NA1)不倦</td>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



有生名詞</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


實在令人(Na)引以為恥</td>
<td width="68" rowspan="3" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 



普通名詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



冰</td>
<td width="216" valign="top" style="width: 162.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


如履薄冰(NA2)</td>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



無生名詞</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


臨深淵履薄冰(Na)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



百姓</td>
<td width="216" valign="top" style="width: 162.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



百姓(NA3)[+attr]有過</td>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



集體名詞</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


讓百姓(Na)得到快樂的生活</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



庭</td>
<td width="216" valign="top" style="width: 162.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


八佾舞於庭(NA4)</td>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



處所詞</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


夾雜著落葉在庭(Nc)前胡亂飛舞</td>
<td width="68" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



處所詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



今</td>
<td width="216" valign="top" style="width: 162.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


民到于今(NA5)受其賜</td>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width: 54.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



時間詞</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


從古到今(Nd)多少人殺身成仁</td>
<td width="68" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



時間詞</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">



上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="300" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width: 225.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">



現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



舜</td>
<td width="240" valign="top" style="width: 180.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



舜(NB1)有天下</td>
<td width="56" valign="top" style="width: 42.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



人獸名</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


韶樂是為紀念舜(Nb)而作的音樂</td>
<td width="68" rowspan="3" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

 



專有名詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



易</td>
<td width="240" valign="top" style="width: 180.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


五十以學易(NB2)</td>
<td width="56" valign="top" style="width: 42.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



事物名</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


詩、書、禮、樂、易(Nb)五經</td>
 </tr>
 <tr style="page-break-inside:avoid">
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



戎狄</td>
<td width="240" valign="top" style="width: 180.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


寧事戎(NB3)狄(NB3)</td>
<td width="56" valign="top" style="width: 42.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



國家名</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

肅清狄(Nb)戎(Nb)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



河</td>
<td width="240" valign="top" style="width: 180.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



河(NB4)不出圖</td>
<td width="56" valign="top" style="width: 42.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



處所名</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


北方為黃河(Nc)流域</td>
<td width="68" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



處所詞</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="58" valign="top" style="width: 43.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



商</td>
<td width="240" valign="top" style="width: 180.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


及夏商(NB5)之季</td>
<td width="56" valign="top" style="width: 42.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



時間名</td>
<td width="232" valign="top" style="width: 174.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



商(Nd)周兩代講究厚葬</td>
<td width="68" valign="top" style="width: 51.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



時間詞</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

2. 
代詞與數詞的歸類（NH和S）

       
上古漢語組刪去現代漢語組的Ne，而相當現代漢語組Ne中的詞分別歸入其他的類中（最主要是A、NH和S）。上古漢語的數詞具有謂詞的特點，很難說是名詞，因此我們另以S來標示數詞。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

此</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



此(NH)人遺我玉環</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



此(Nep)情形已持續多年</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

其</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



其(NH)冠不正</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



其(Nep)成本效益如何</td>
 </tr>
</table>
 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">


現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

一</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



一(S)言以蔽之</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



一(Neu)言以敝之</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


一</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


及其知之一(VQ)也</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


×</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



萬</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


辭十萬(S)而受萬</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


耗資數十萬(Neu)的煙火</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">



萬</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


功之所以相萬(VQ)也</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


×</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

3. 
定詞（目前無）

　　上古漢語目前並無Ne類，將來計劃把A類及NH類中的部分部改歸此類。

 

４.
抽象名詞（NI）

       

上古漢語的動詞和名詞的分際很模糊，有不少動詞可用在名語地位。為了有便於將來的整理，我們把用於名語的動詞以及抽象名詞暫時歸併為一，合為NI類。

 
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">

 </td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">



上　古　漢　語</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; background: #E6E6E6">



現　代　漢　語</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

道</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

吾道(NI)一以貫之</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


佛之道(Na)，君父拜之</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

德</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

據於德(NI)</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">


據於德(Na)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

笑</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

人不厭其笑(NI)</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

帶點得意的笑(VA)[+nom]</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
<td width="66" valign="top" style="width: 49.4pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

問</td>
<td width="296" valign="top" style="width: 222.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

曾由與求之問(NI)</td>
<td width="292" valign="top" style="width: 219.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">

我多此一問(VE)[+nom]了</td>
 </tr>
</table>

 

丙、副詞

       

上古漢語的處所名詞很少是在動詞前的，為了顯示位在動詞前的處所名詞只是少數，我們把它標作D類。這個做法和名詞的一般歸類原則有些牴牾。

 
<div align="center">
 <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none">
<tr>
 <td width="45" valign="top" style="width: 33.8pt; border: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
 
 豕</td>
 <td width="200" valign="top" style="width: 150.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
 
 
 
 豕(D)人立而啼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
 <td width="45" valign="top" style="width: 33.8pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
 
 路</td>
 <td width="200" valign="top" style="width: 150.0pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1.4pt; padding-right: 1.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
 
 
 
 路(D)過洛陽</td>
</tr>
 </table>
</div>

 

       

以上所述為上古漢語組和現代漢語組的主要差異（同時也是和近代漢語組的主要差異），至於上古漢語組分類的實際內容請參考《上古漢語詞類標注手冊》。

		自动登录	找回密码
密码			注册

上古漢語詞類與標記原則

相关帖子