|
中文题名: 多项副词共现的语序原则及其认知解释
英文题名: A Cognitive Explanation of the Wordorder of Multi-adverbs in Mandarin
作者: 袁毓林
作者单位: 北京大学中文系、北京大学汉语语言学研究中心
中文摘要: 本文在黄河(1990)的基础上,对出现在句子谓语动词前状语位置上的多个副词的排列次序,从句法、语义、语用和认知的角度作出解释,得出制约多项副词共现的三条语序原则:(1)范围原则,即语义统辖范围大的副词排在语义统辖范围小的副词前面;(2)接近原则,即语义上有述谓关系等语义联系紧密的成分尽可能靠近,特别是具有算子约束功能的副词尽可能地靠近受它约束的变量性成分;(3)语篇原则,即在语篇上有衔接功能的副词尽可能排在最前面。并用范围原则来解释否定副词跟程度副词在语序上的可变性,用范围原则和接近原则的竞争来解释语气副词和总括副词、时间副词和总括副词在语序上的可变性,用语篇原则来解释“再、又、也”等副词在语序上的灵活性。最后,抽象出概括性的多项副词共现时的语序规律:关联副词 > 模态副词 > 范围副词 > 状态副词,并用功能语法的语言三大元功能(语篇功能、人际功能、概念功能)的思想来解释上述语序规律在语言功能方面的理据。
中文关键字: 多项副词 语序 认知解释 范围原则 接近原则 语篇原则
英文摘要: This paper tries to explain the wordorder of multiple adverbs which are co-occurring in the front of the predicate verb in a sentence from the perspectives of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and cognition, and results following three principles which constrain the wordorder of multiple adverbs: (i) scope principle, i. e., the adverbs with wider scope precede the adverbs with narrower scope; (ii) proximity principle, i. e., the constituents holding closely semantic relation are in the nearer syntactic positions in a sentence, especially, the adverbs function as bounding operators are near to their bound variables; (iii) text principle, i. e., the adverbs with textual cohesive function appear in the far front of the another adverbs. Then, it explains the variation of the order of negative adverbs and degree adverbs using the scope principle, explains the variation of the order of mode adverbs vs. scope adverbs and temporal adverbs vs. scope adverbs using the notion of competition between the cope principle and the proximity principle, and explains the changeability of the order of the adverbs zai(再), you(又) and ye(也) using the text principle. Finally, it reaches the following general rule of the wordorder of multiple adverbs: connective adverbs > modal adverbs > scope adverbs > descriptive adverbs, and explains the functional motivation of the above wordorder rule from the point of view of the functional grammar’concept of three metafunctions of language, i. e., textual function, interpersonal function and ideational function.
英文关键字: adverbs, wordorder, cognitive explanation, scope principle, proximity principle, text principle
参考文献:
北 大(1993):《现代汉语》,北京大学中文系现代汉语教研室编,商务印书馆,北京。
胡壮麟 朱永生 张得录(1989):《系统功能语法概论》,湖南教育出版社,长沙。
黄 河(1990):常用副词共现时的次序,北京大学中文系编《缀玉二集》,北京大学出版社,
北京,494-523页。
李宝伦 潘海华(1999):汉语否定标记“不”与焦点的关系,《现代外语》第2期,111-127页。
吕叔湘(1980/1999):(主编)《现代汉语八百词》,商务印书馆,北京。
袁毓林(2000a):论否定句的预设、焦点和辖域歧义,《中国语文》第2期,99-108页。
袁毓林(2000b):否定式偏正结构的跨维度考察,《语法研究与探索》10,商务印书馆,北京,
57-72页。
朱德熙(1982):《语法讲义》,商务印书馆,北京。
Halliday, M. A. K. (1985/1994): An Introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold.
Lee, Peppina Po-lun and Pan Haihua (2000):Focus, Modals, and Scope Interaction in Mandarin Chinese,
presented to International Symposium on Topic and Focus in Chinese, Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, June 21-22, 2000.
Xu, Liejiong (2000): Association between Focus and Focus-Sensitive Operator, presented to International
Symposium on Topic and Focus in Chinese, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, June 21-22, 2000.
文献标识码: A理论与应用研究学术论文(包括综述报告)
更新日期: 2005年04月11日 |
|