一二三

虎子

作者：  蔡维天
来源：http://e-journals.pku.edu.cn/Jou ... b-820f-f0bdf25e6545

中文题名： 一二三
英文题名：  One, Two, Three

中文摘要： 本文以汉语数词(numeral)的用法为题，立意由语言类型学的角度来检视其句法分布及语意诠释。我们发现在主语位置上，“一”与其它数词的差异在于它常常可以和“某”连用。这种用法和英语中的certain非常相似，有很强的殊指(specific)意味。在宾语位置上，“一”和“两”则在否定句中有特殊的语意诠释。相较之下，“三”则没有上述的量化用法。上述汉语数词这种肯定与否定对立的行为，从次级述语(secondary predicate)结构也可得到印证。纵而观之，我们可以说汉语数词并非只用来表达数目，而是在不同的句法条件底下有不同的语意诠释。而这些用法也和英语的量化词(quantifier)有系统性的对应，成为比较语法上一个有趣的议题。
中文关键字： 句法学 词汇学 语意学 汉语 数词 量化词
英文摘要： This paper sets out to examine the syntactic distribution and the semantic interpretations of Chinese numerals from a typological point of view. We found that yi 'one', when situated in the subject position, are often construed as specific, very much like certain in English. Under negation and subjunctive mood, yi 'one' and liang 'two' act like polarity items in the object position, interpreted as 'any' and 'a couple of' respectively. By contrast, the numeral san 'three' do not allow similar usages in any context. This declarative-negative (or indicative-modal) asymmetry emerges again when we consider the ability of object indefinites to take a secondary predicate. All in all, it seems safe to say that Chinese numerals not only express cardinality, but also sport various quantificational construals depending on their syntactic positions. These phenomena correspond systematically to their counterparts in English, and deserve further investigation in terms of comparative syntax.  
英文关键字： syntax, morphology, semantics, Chinese grammar, numeral, quantifier

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文献标识码：  A理论与应用研究学术论文(包括综述报告)
更新日期： 2005年04月11日